GR

Pediatric orthopaedics

Early diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the developing skeleton

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Specialization in Pediatric Orthopaedics

Mr. Tzanetos was trained at the Pediatric Orthopaedic Clinic of KAT and specialized in the Scoliosis Outpatient Clinics of the same hospital — one of the largest reference centers in Greece. He has also actively participated in the mass school screening for scoliosis, and in briefings as a speaker at scientific workshops.

Why Pediatric Orthopaedics Is Different

The growing skeleton has unique properties — growth plates, elastic bones, rapid reconstruction. This means that some conditions that are serious in adults self-heal in children, while others that seem mild can get worse quickly during developmental phases if left unattended.

Diseases by Age Group

0–3 years

Infant & Toddler

Hip dysplasia, club foot, valgus/clubbing, incomplete fractures

4–10 years

School Age

Perthes disease, femoral epiphysal slippage, childhood scoliosis, flat feet

10–16 years

Adolescence

Idiopathic adolescent scoliosis, Osgood-Schlatter disease, developmental plate injuries, leg discrepancy

All ages

Injuries & Injuries

Children's fractures (green wood), distal fractures, developmental plate injuries

Diagnostic Approach

The child's assessment requires a specialized clinical examination and age-appropriate examinations — always with radiation minimization in mind:

X-ray (low dose)

First line for fractures, scoliosis (Cobb angle), hip. Modern EOS systems allow panoramic images of the entire body with minimal radiation.

Hip Ultrasound

Method of choice for infants up to 6 months for hip dysplasia — completely avoids radiation. Also for evaluation of hip collections in children with lameness.

MRI Without Radiation

Ideal for growth plaques, necrosis (Perthes), cartilage and neurological causes. In children, CT is avoided when possible.

Measurement of Leg Discrepancy

Clinical and radiological measurement — a leg gap of more than 2 cm needs treatment to avoid secondary scoliosis and joint damage.

Adam's Forward Bend Test

Scoliosis screening clinical trial — the patient bends forward and asymmetry is assessed. Simple, painless, suitable for school testing.

Maturity Assessment (Risser)

In scoliosis, age maturity (Risser scale) determines the risk of worsening and chooses treatment — guardian or follow-up.

Points that need immediate evaluation in children:

  • Lameness without prior injury
  • Refusal to charge / walk in a child
  • Recently occurring shoulder or hip asymmetry
  • Night pain in the bones (differentials: leukemia, more severe reasons)
  • Hip or knee pain without injury in a child 4–10 years old (Perthes)
  • Deformation that visibly deteriorates

Are you worried about your child's posture or pain?

Early diagnosis in pediatric orthopaedics makes a huge difference — many conditions are treated conservatively if detected early.

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Frequently Asked Questions

At what age should a child be tested for scoliosis? +

Screening is recommended at the age of 10–14 years, during rapid adolescent development. Early diagnosis allows the use of a brace that stops the deterioration and prevents surgery.

Is flat feet normal in young children? +

Yes, up to 3–4 years old flat feet are normal — the sole is covered with fatty tissue and the arch has not formed. If it persists after the age of 5-6, causes pain, or the child avoids running, it needs to be evaluated.

What is Osgood-Schlatter disease? +

Inflammation at the connection of the patellar tendon in the tibia — common in athletic children 10–15 years old during rapid growth. It is manifested by pain and swelling under the knee. It is self-limiting but needs proper management.

What symptoms need immediate evaluation? +

Lameness without injury, hip or knee pain in a child who refuses to walk, shoulder or hip asymmetry, or nighttime bone pain need immediate orthopaedic evaluation — especially in children 4–10 years old due to Perthes disease.